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    <title>Gas on manbolq&#39;s Blog</title>
    <link>https://manbolq.xyz/tags/gas/</link>
    <description>Recent content in Gas on manbolq&#39;s Blog</description>
    <generator>Hugo -- gohugo.io</generator>
    <language>en</language>
    <lastBuildDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://manbolq.xyz/tags/gas/index.xml" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" /><item>
      <title>Denial - The Ethernaut - Writeup</title>
      <link>https://manbolq.xyz/posts/theethernaut/denial/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://manbolq.xyz/posts/theethernaut/denial/</guid>
      <description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a simple wallet that drips funds over time. You can withdraw the funds slowly by becoming a withdrawing partner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you can deny the owner from withdrawing funds when they call &lt;code&gt;withdraw()&lt;/code&gt; (whilst the contract still has funds, and the transaction is of 1M gas or less) you will win this level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The code of the challenge&amp;rsquo;s contract is the following:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-solidity&#34; data-lang=&#34;solidity&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;pragma solidity&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;contract&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;Denial&lt;/span&gt; {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; partner; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// withdrawal partner - pay the gas, split the withdraw
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;constant&lt;/span&gt; owner &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0xA9E&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint256&lt;/span&gt; timeLastWithdrawn;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;mapping&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&amp;gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint256&lt;/span&gt;) withdrawPartnerBalances; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// keep track of partners balances
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;setWithdrawPartner&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt; _partner) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        partner &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; _partner;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// withdraw 1% to recipient and 1% to owner
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;withdraw&lt;/span&gt;() &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint256&lt;/span&gt; amountToSend &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt;(this).balance &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;/&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// perform a call without checking return
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// The recipient can revert, the owner will still get their share
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        partner.call{value&lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt; amountToSend}(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#e6db74&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;payable&lt;/span&gt;(owner).transfer(amountToSend);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// keep track of last withdrawal time
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;        timeLastWithdrawn &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; block.timestamp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        withdrawPartnerBalances[partner] &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;+=&lt;/span&gt; amountToSend;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// allow deposit of funds
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    receive() &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;external&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;payable&lt;/span&gt; {}
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// convenience function
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;contractBalance&lt;/span&gt;() &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;view&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;returns&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint256&lt;/span&gt;) {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt;(this).balance;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;}
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;We need to create a DoS of the contract when the owner executes the function &lt;code&gt;withdraw&lt;/code&gt;. We control the &lt;code&gt;partner&lt;/code&gt; address (through the &lt;code&gt;setWithdrawPartner&lt;/code&gt; function), to which a &lt;code&gt;call&lt;/code&gt; is made that does not specify a fixed gas limit.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Gatekeeper One - The Ethernaut - Writeup</title>
      <link>https://manbolq.xyz/posts/theethernaut/gatekeeperone/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://manbolq.xyz/posts/theethernaut/gatekeeperone/</guid>
      <description>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Make it past the gatekeeper and register as an entrant to pass this level.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The goal of the challenge is to successfully execute the function &lt;code&gt;enter&lt;/code&gt; on this contract:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class=&#34;highlight&#34;&gt;&lt;pre tabindex=&#34;0&#34; style=&#34;color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;&#34;&gt;&lt;code class=&#34;language-solidity&#34; data-lang=&#34;solidity&#34;&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#75715e&#34;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;pragma solidity&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;^&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;contract&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;GatekeeperOne&lt;/span&gt; {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;address&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; entrant;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;modifier&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;gateOne&lt;/span&gt;() {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        require(msg.sender &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; tx.origin);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;modifier&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;gateTwo&lt;/span&gt;() {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        require(gasleft() &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;%&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;8191&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#ae81ff&#34;&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;modifier&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;gateThree&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;bytes8&lt;/span&gt; _gateKey) {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        require(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint32&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint64&lt;/span&gt;(_gateKey)) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint16&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint64&lt;/span&gt;(_gateKey)), &lt;span style=&#34;color:#e6db74&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;GatekeeperOne: invalid gateThree part one&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        require(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint32&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint64&lt;/span&gt;(_gateKey)) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;!=&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint64&lt;/span&gt;(_gateKey), &lt;span style=&#34;color:#e6db74&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;GatekeeperOne: invalid gateThree part two&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        require(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint32&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint64&lt;/span&gt;(_gateKey)) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;==&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint16&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;uint160&lt;/span&gt;(tx.origin)), &lt;span style=&#34;color:#e6db74&#34;&gt;&amp;#34;GatekeeperOne: invalid gateThree part three&amp;#34;&lt;/span&gt;);
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;_&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;function&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#a6e22e&#34;&gt;enter&lt;/span&gt;(&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;bytes8&lt;/span&gt; _gateKey) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;public&lt;/span&gt; gateOne gateTwo gateThree(_gateKey) &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;returns&lt;/span&gt; (&lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;bool&lt;/span&gt;) {
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        entrant &lt;span style=&#34;color:#f92672&#34;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt; tx.origin;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;        &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;return&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&#34;color:#66d9ef&#34;&gt;true&lt;/span&gt;;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;    }
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&#34;display:flex;&#34;&gt;&lt;span&gt;}
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;We need to pass the three modifiers &lt;code&gt;gateOne&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;gateTwo&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;gateThree&lt;/code&gt;. Generate a new instance of the challenge:&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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